Learn How to Immigrate to the Great White North
Canada is known for its strong economy, incredible outdoor experiences, and excellent healthcare system. It also has a reputation for being clean, safe, culturally diverse, and welcoming to newcomers. With so many benefits, it’s easy to see why many foreigners dream of moving to Canada.
However, there are plenty of things to consider and steps to take before you can call it home. This helpful article explains everything you need to know about relocating to Canada, including how to apply for a visa, where to find jobs, tips for finding a place to live, and other helpful advice to get you started.
Canada is known for its strong economy, incredible outdoor experiences, and excellent healthcare system. It also has a reputation for being clean, safe, culturally diverse, and welcoming to newcomers. With so many benefits, it’s easy to see why many foreigners dream of moving to Canada.
However, there are plenty of things to consider and steps to take before you can call it home. This helpful article explains everything you need to know about relocating to Canada, including how to apply for a visa, where to find jobs, tips for finding a place to live, and other helpful advice to get you started.
The Legal Requirements for Moving to Canada
Canada has a strict immigration system, so you must confirm your eligibility to enter and live there before moving.
Notably, the Canadian government may deem you inadmissible if you have been convicted of or committed a crime in another country. This includes the following offenses:
- Theft
- Assault
- Manslaughter
- Dangerous driving
- Driving under the influence of drugs or alcohol
- Drug possession or trafficking in controlled substances
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In addition to the crimes listed above, you may also be deemed inadmissible to Canada if you:
- Have ties to organized crime
- Suffer from a serious health condition
- Face significant financial difficulties
- Provided false information on your application or during an interview
- Fail to meet the requirements of Canada’s immigration laws
- Have a family member who is inadmissible to Canada
If you have a criminal record, you can still apply to enter and start the immigration process, but you must take additional steps. An immigration officer will then evaluate:
- The seriousness of your offense
- The time that has passed since you committed the crime
- Your behavior and rehabilitation efforts since then
This process allows you to prove your eligibility despite your past. You can visit the Government of Canada website to check if you’re eligible to work, study, visit, or live permanently in Canada.
Health Insurance Requirements for Canada
While health insurance is not mandatory for entry to Canada, securing adequate coverage before you arrive is strongly advised.
As a foreign-born citizen, you won’t automatically receive free healthcare upon arrival. Each province and territory applies a nuanced approach to the healthcare system, and there is often a waiting period before you qualify for provincial health coverage.
Find the Best International Insurance
- Compare multiple quotes and coverage options
- Work with an insurance expert at no additional cost
- Find the best plan for your needs and budget
During this waiting period, it’s essential to have private medical insurance to protect yourself – and your finances – in case of illness or injury. By securing the right coverage before you arrive, you can ensure you’re fully protected during your stay in Canada.
Read more about the Canadian healthcare system and health insurance for foreigners in Canada
Visa and Immigration Requirements for Canada
Canada offers over 100 immigration pathways for individuals seeking to move to the country, including students, skilled workers, business professionals, and families.
To begin the process, applicants must first determine their eligibility and select the most suitable immigration option.
Types of Canadian Immigration Programs
Canada’s immigration programs fall into the following categories:
- Express Entry – A fast-track system for skilled workers, federal skilled trades, and Canadian Experience Class candidates
- Provincial Nominee Programs (PNPs) – Province-specific immigration pathways
- Family Sponsorship – For relatives of Canadian citizens or permanent residents
- Study Permits – For international students enrolled in Canadian institutions
- Work Permits – For individuals with employment opportunities in Canada
- Atlantic Immigration Program – A pathway for workers and graduates moving to Atlantic Canada
- Refugee and Humanitarian Pathways – For individuals seeking asylum or protection
- Start-up Visa Program – For entrepreneurs launching businesses in Canada
- Caregiver Program – For individuals providing care to children or the elderly
- Self-Employed Persons Program – For professionals such as artists and athletes
- Quebec-Selected Skilled Workers – For those applying to live in Quebec
- Rural and Northern Immigration Pilot – For workers settling in smaller communities
- Agri-Food Pilot Program – For workers in the agriculture and food processing industries
- Temporary Resident to Permanent Resident Pathway – For essential workers and graduates already in Canada
- Investor/Entrepreneur Programs – For individuals investing in Canadian businesses
- Federal Skilled Worker Program – For highly skilled professionals in demand in Canada.
You must have a valid reason for immigrating to Canada. Common reasons include:
- Accepting a job in Canada
- Joining family members
- Studying in a Canadian institution
- Retiring in Canada
Identifying your reason for moving will help guide you toward the appropriate visa or permit. You can find a complete list of all immigration pathways and visa options on the Canadian government’s official website.
Permits and Visas for Canada
The Canadian government issues various permits and visas based on the purpose of immigration, including work permits, study permits, and visitor visas.
The most common immigration pathways are through the Express Entry system (for skilled workers) and study permits (for students). Additionally, family sponsorship programs allow Canadian citizens and permanent residents to bring family members to the country.
While factors such as family ties, work experience, and education can strengthen an application, the immigration process can be complex. Each program has specific eligibility criteria, and applicants must meet various requirements and provide detailed documentation.
Work Visas
The Canadian government offers the Express Entry program for skilled foreign workers. Your eligibility depends on the immigration pathway you choose and the province where you plan to live.
Express Entry has three categories:
- Federal Skilled Worker Program – For people who want to work in Canada
- Federal Skilled Trades Program – For those who want to practice a trade in Canada
- Canadian Experience Class – For those with Canadian work or study experience
Each category has different requirements, such as work experience, language proficiency, and education level. If you qualify for one of these programs, you will enter the Express Entry Pool, which has a faster processing time.
Additionally, Quebec has its own immigration pathway with a specialized skilled worker visa for those intending to settle in the province.
Retirement Visas
Canada does not have a specific retirement visa. However, you may qualify for other immigration pathways, such as visitor visas or certain residency permits, that allow you to retire in the country.
You can use this tool to see which program you may qualify for based on your circumstances.
Study Visas
If you wish to study in Canada, you must apply for a study permit. To be eligible, you must:
- Be enrolled in a Designated Learning Institution (DLI), which is an approved educational institution in Canada
- Provide proof that you can afford your tuition, living expenses, and return transportation to your home country
- Have no criminal record
- Be in good health (depending on the province or school, you may be required to pass a medical exam)
Digital Nomad Visas
Canada does not have a specific Digital Nomad Visa. However, depending on the situation, those wishing to work remotely may be eligible for other temporary work permits.
Additionally, self-employed individuals in cultural or athletic fields may qualify for the Self-Employed Persons Program, which allows them to apply for permanent residency if they meet the program’s criteria.
Read More: 31 Tips for Digital Nomads
How to Become a Resident of Canada
Each province and territory in Canada has its own criteria for granting permanent residency through the Provincial Nominee Program (PNP).
The PNP allows provinces and territories to nominate immigrants based on their specific economic needs, such as labor shortages or skills gaps in the region. This helps new immigrants contribute to the local economy and labor market.
In addition to the PNP, other Canadian immigration pathways, like those through Express Entry and family sponsorship, can also lead to permanent residency. However, most work and study visas only offer temporary residency for a specific time period.
In these cases, visa holders must prove they have lived in Canada for at least two years within the past five years and meet additional eligibility requirements to apply for permanent residency.
How to Become a Canadian Citizen
Once you become a permanent resident, you may apply for Canadian citizenship if you have lived in Canada for three out of the last five years.
To become a citizen, you must:
- Prove your language skills in either English or French, depending on your age and ability
- Have filed and paid all required Canadian taxes for at least three years within the five-year period
- Pass a citizenship test if you are between the ages of 18 and 54 at the time of application
Read More: Applying for Citizenship Abroad
Choosing Where to Live in Canada
Canada is home to 10 provinces – Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Manitoba, British Columbia, Prince Edward Island, Saskatchewan, Alberta, and Newfoundland and Labrador – and three territories: Yukon, Nunavut, and Northwest Territories. The biggest populations are found in Ontario, Quebec, Alberta, and British Columbia.
To find the best Canadian cities for expats to settle down, we evaluated data on the cost of living, job opportunities, access to healthcare, safety, culture, accessibility to green spaces, and other important factors, such as the quality of schools, internet speed, and LGBTQ+ friendliness.
The Best Places to Live in Canada
Based on our research, the following Canadian cities offer the best quality of life alongside major locations like Toronto, Montreal, Vancouver, and Calgary.
Ottawa, Ontario
Canada’s walkable capital, Ottawa, offers easy access to green spaces, hospitals, and job opportunities. It has the largest concentration of Canadian government workers, many of whom walk or bike to work. Some even paddle to work on the Rideau Canal!
Low crime rates, an excellent school system, and a great arts scene make Ottawa one of the best places for Canadians and foreign-born citizens to live in North America.
Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island
Victorian architecture and waterfront views make Charlottetown a picturesque place to live. Located on Hillsborough Bay, the city is famous for its vibrant food scene, exciting annual festivals, delightful holiday markets, and festive Christmas traditions.
Charlottetown is a safe and clean city with affordable real estate, plentiful entertainment, and no shortage of outdoor activities.
The city’s friendly and welcoming atmosphere makes it a favorite among retirees looking for a peaceful yet active lifestyle.
Brandon, Manitoba
Brandon, Manitoba, may be a small city, but it boasts a strong sense of community and a family-friendly atmosphere. Its affordable living cost and excellent public school system make it an ideal place for families.
Parents can take advantage of the city’s many family-friendly activities, including kids' museums, arcades, play structures, and entertainment centers.
For adults, Brandon has a fine selection of bars and restaurants, plenty of cultural offerings, and recreational facilities for sports like ice hockey, horseback riding, curling, and rugby.
Whether you’re looking for family fun or adult entertainment, Brandon has something for everyone.
Halifax, Nova Scotia
Halifax is a charming mid-sized coastal city where you can enjoy leisurely strolls along an expansive and lively boardwalk.
The city's waterfront is lined with countless restaurants, offering a variety of dining experiences while you soak in its warm, welcoming culture.
With six universities attracting students from around the world, Halifax thrives with vibrancy while maintaining a relaxed pace of life.
It not only ranks among the top ten safest cities in Canada but also offers a lower cost of living and more affordable housing options compared to larger Canadian cities.
Read More: The Best Places to Live in Canada
Is Canada a Safe Place to Live?
Canada consistently ranks as one of the safest places to live in the world. The Global Peace Index 2024 ranks Canada #11 out of 163 countries. For comparison, the U.S. ranks low at #132.
Strict gun control laws, a strong police force, diverse communities, and a high quality of life contribute to its low crime rates.
The biggest “threat” you may face is the weather – snow, freezing rain, and ice can make roads treacherous in certain regions, especially during the winter months when temperatures can plummet to -20°C (-4°F) or lower in some areas.
The Safest Places to Live in Canada
According to Numbeo's 2025 Safety Index, Canada holds an overall safety index of 54.3. In comparison, the United States has a lower safety index of 50.8, with cities like New York scoring 49.3 and Chicago 33.9.
Quebec City, Quebec
With a safety index of 77.8, Quebec City ranks as Canada’s safest city. Here, French is the official language, and you can enjoy a family-friendly community, a relaxed pace of life, and plenty of historic charm. The lovely Old Quebec district is a designated UNESCO World Heritage Site.
In addition to being one of the safest places in Canada, Quebec City has a lower cost of living than many of Canada’s other cities.
Oakville, Ontario
Oakville is a hub for arts and culture, hosting popular annual events like the Downtown Oakville Jazz Fest and New Art Festival. While real estate is quite pricey here, a safety index of 73.9 is a draw for many young professionals and families.
A mix of modern urban amenities and open green spaces makes Oakville a prime choice for those who don’t want to live in the big city of Toronto but prefer to be nearby.
Montreal, Quebec
Montreal is home to more than four million residents, of whom around 25% are foreign-born citizens. As such, it’s one of the most diverse cities in Canada and welcomes people from all cultures.
Despite being the second largest city in Canada, Montreal is one of the safest, with a safety index of 67.2. As a major metro area, it provides all the amenities you'd expect from a large urban center, including excellent public services, entertainment options, and cultural offerings.
Calgary, Alberta
Calgary is an attractive destination for expats due to its lower cost of living compared to the Canadian average and a strong job market, particularly in the energy and financial sectors. Additionally, Calgary is located in one of the lowest-taxed provinces in Canada.
With a safety index of 61.6, Calgary offers a safe, high quality of life, along with unique recreational opportunities such as skiing and biking at the Olympic Park, which was built for the 1988 Winter Olympics.
The Cost of Living in Canada
Canada is one of the most expensive countries to live in, with Numbeo's 2025 Cost of Living Index ranking it #22 out of 139 countries based on cost of living.
Urban centers like Toronto, Vancouver, Montreal, Ottawa, and Calgary are among the priciest cities in Canada. While smaller towns and rural areas tend to be more affordable, they still come with higher costs than many places in Asia and Central and South America.
Read more about the cost of living in Canada and what you can expect to pay for rent, utilities, groceries, and other everyday expenses.
Read More: Living in Toronto
Finding a Home or Apartment in Canada
Even if you plan to buy a home in Canada, it’s a smart move to start by living in a short-term rental. This gives you time to explore different cities and neighborhoods, ensuring you find the right fit for your lifestyle before committing to buying property abroad.
It's important to remember that housing costs vary widely across Canada. Housing and living costs in major cities like Toronto and Vancouver are similar to those in large U.S. cities. However, smaller towns and rural areas often offer much more affordable options.
Wherever you choose to live, be sure to budget for additional expenses beyond monthly rent, such as real estate agency fees, property taxes, utilities, and maintenance costs.
Understanding your rights and responsibilities as a renter – including the terms of your lease and how to resolve disputes – is also essential.
For more details on renting in Canada, visit the Government of Canada website.
Finding a Job in Canada
Like many other countries, securing a job before moving to Canada can make the transition much smoother.
For American expats, the job search process will likely feel familiar. Just as you would in the U.S., you can leverage your network of connections, browse job boards, and contact companies directly.
If you’re not a U.S. citizen, you might want to consider attending a resume workshop or job search training to help you navigate the Canadian job market.
Before you can start working in Canada, you’ll need to apply for a Social Insurance Number (SIN). Be sure to do this as soon as you arrive, as it’s required for employment and access to government services.
To find a job in Canada, research companies you’re interested in and check their websites for open positions. You can also attend job fairs, use employment agencies for assistance, or explore Job Bank, Canada’s official platform that posts up to 2,000 new job listings daily.
Banking, Taxes, and Finance in Canada
Canada has a safe and stable banking system. The official currency is the Canadian Dollar (CAD), and you can check live exchange rates here.
The country follows a progressive tax system, meaning the more you earn, the higher your tax rate. However, like everything in Canada, tax rates vary by province, so it’s important to understand regional differences.
The lowest marginal tax rate is 19%, while the highest is 54%, which includes a 33% federal tax and a 21% provincial tax in Nova Scotia.
The Canadian Education System
Canada has an excellent education system, which ranks sixth worldwide for public education, according to U.S. News & World Report.
College tuition in Canada is generally more affordable than in the U.S. but tends to be higher than in Europe, making it an appealing option for international students.
Some of the country’s top-ranked universities include the University of Toronto, the University of British Columbia, and McGill University in Montreal.
For more information on studying in Canada, including tuition, scholarships, and visa requirements, visit the Government of Canada website.
Canadian Culture and Language
If you plan to move to Canada, it’s a good idea to familiarize yourself with the culture before you arrive. This will make it easier to fully immerse yourself and connect with others.
Canada is renowned for its multiculturalism, where people from diverse backgrounds live together peacefully. The country has two official languages: English and French. While both languages are spoken nationwide, French is predominantly used in Quebec. Canadians are known for being polite and respectful and for having a strong sense of community.
Ice hockey is a national passion, and many people enjoy outdoor activities like hiking and skiing. Indigenous cultures have a rich history in Canada, and there is a growing effort to honor and preserve their heritage.
Canada’s cultural scene is vibrant, with contributions to music, literature, and the arts from figures like Leonard Cohen, Margaret Atwood, and Indigenous artists. The country’s cuisine reflects its multicultural influences, featuring iconic treats like poutine, butter tarts, and maple syrup.
Canada values inclusivity and is known for its progressive policies, including strong support for LGBTQ+ rights and universal healthcare. Festivals like the Calgary Stampede and Toronto’s Film Festival highlight the country’s embrace of diversity, respect, and community spirit.
Understanding the Canadian identity, including their sense of humor and local customs, is key for anyone looking to call it Canada home. Each province has its own unique history and character, so be sure to take the time to appreciate and respect the local culture wherever you go.
The Canadian Healthcare System
Canada has a robust, government-funded healthcare system known as Medicare. While many people associate Canada with "free healthcare," it’s important to remember that the system is funded through taxpayer dollars.
Medicare provides high-quality care nationwide, but one potential downside is the long wait times for certain medical services. To avoid delays and have access to more immediate care, expats may want to consider purchasing international private medical insurance.
This allows you to choose preferred physicians and receive care without the extended wait times common in the public system.
There are several plans to choose from, including the following:
Cigna Global Medical Plan
- Flexibility to tailor plans to suit your individual needs
- Access to Cigna Global’s network of trusted doctors
- Convenience and confidence of 24/7/365 customer service
IMG Global Medical Plan
- Four plan options and plus optional coverages
- Choice of the coverage areas and deductibles
- Freedom to choose your health care provider
U.S. citizens planning on moving to Canada can also apply for the following plan:
Xplorer Worldwide Medical Plan
- Premium Benefits, Coverage and Service
- Define your deductible and prescription benefits
- For Foreigners in the US or US Citizens Abroad
Ready to Move to the Great White North?
With its breathtaking landscapes, welcoming people, and relaxed atmosphere, Canada offers a wealth of opportunities for expats looking for a fresh start.
Whether you’re drawn to vibrant, bustling cities or serene, wide-open spaces, Canada has something to suit every preference. Its world-class healthcare, top-tier education system, and abundant career prospects make it one of the most sought-after destinations for foreigners.
Each province also boasts its own unique culture, cuisine, and customs, providing a rich and diverse experience for those looking to call it home.
So, are you ready to immerse yourself in a country that celebrates diversity, offers endless opportunities, and has a heart as vast as its landscapes? If so, Canada may be the perfect place to begin your next chapter. Contact International Citizens Group to request a free quote.
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